The ozone layer is a protective layer of gas in the Earth’s stratosphere that shields the planet from harmful ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the sun. It plays a crucial role in maintaining the balance of life on Earth by absorbing most of the sun’s UV-B rays, which can cause skin cancer, cataracts, and other harmful effects.
Ozone (O3) is a molecule made up of three oxygen atoms. It is formed when sunlight splits an oxygen molecule (O2) into two individual oxygen atoms, which can then combine with other oxygen molecules to form ozone. The ozone layer is primarily located in the lower portion of the stratosphere, approximately 10 to 50 kilometers above the Earth’s surface.
Human activities, such as the release of certain chemicals into the atmosphere, have led to the depletion of the ozone layer. One of the most significant culprits is the use of chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), which were commonly used in aerosol propellants, refrigerants, and foam-blowing agents. When released into the atmosphere, CFCs rise to the stratosphere and break down ozone molecules, leading to the thinning of the ozone layer.
The depletion of the ozone layer has serious consequences for human health and the environment. Increased exposure to UV radiation can lead to skin cancer, cataracts, weakened immune system, and damage to marine ecosystems. To address this issue, the international community came together and created the Montreal Protocol in 1987, which aimed to phase out the production and use of ozone-depleting substances.
Thanks to the efforts made under the Montreal Protocol, the ozone layer has started to recover. However, it is still important for individuals and governments to continue taking action to protect and preserve this vital layer of our atmosphere.